list and define the 3 lights that make up the 3point lighting principle.

Key light- key light is the main light. It is usually the strongest and has the most influence on the look of the scene. It is placed to one side of the camera/object so that this side has some shadow.


Fill light- This is the secondary light and is placed on the opposite side of the key light. It is used to fill the shadows created by the key. The fill will usually be softer and less bright than the key. To acheive this, you could move the light further away or use some spun. You might also want to set the fill light to more of a flood than the key.

Back Light- The back light is placed behind the subject and lights it from the rear. Rather than providing direct lighting, its purpose is to provide definition and subtle highlights around the subject's outlines. This helps seperate the subject from the background and provide a three-dimensional look.

Define the 180* rule.  Embed an image to visually explain the definition. 


The 180* rule is a cinematography guideline that states that two characters in a scene should maintain the same left or right relationship to one another. When the camera passes over the invisible axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line and the shot becomes a reverse angle. It also states a rule that a camera should be placed somewhere inside 180 degrees on a particular side of the invisible line of a shot containing two people filmed in sequence.

1.  Why should you use an external microphone?

~If you want to receive the audio from far away, then you need to use an external microphone. 

2. What are the two ways to monitor your audio recording? 

~ The objective act of measuring sound intensity and seating record levels

~ The subjective act of listening to audio signals that is being recorded

In a blog post, describe scenarios in which you would use each of the following microphones.

Handheld: This microphone is normally seen when you see someone doing a performance, like a comedian or a singer or television interviews. 

Lavalier:  hands free; used for interviews

Shotgun: narrow pick up pattern

Boundary (or table) mic: on tvs or cables. it is used on flat surfaces

1. Describe the steps for adjusting the white balance on a camcorder or digital film camera.

If your camera has a filter whee, make sure you are using the correct filter for the lighting conditions.

Point your camera to a pure white subject, so that most of what you're seeing in the viewfinder is white. Opinions may vary on just how much white needs to be in the frame but we've found that about 50-80% of the frame should be fin. The subject should be fairly matte, that is, non-reflective.

Set your exposure and focus.

Activate the white balance by pressing the button or throwing the switch. The camera may take a few seconds to complete the operation, after which you should get a message  in the viewfinder.

2. Describe the steps for adjusting the manual white balance on a DSLR 

1. GET NEUTRAL ---> You will need a neutral target in order to set a proper custom white balance. Basically you are telling your camera, "Here this is a neutral target, base all color rendition off of this."

2. PHOTOGRAPH YOUR TARGET----> Set your camera to Program, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, or Manual if you are comfortable enough.  Getting a proper exposure of your target is critical.

3. GET INTO THE SCARY MENUS OF YOUR CAMERA----->Looking at all the options and confusing words in a DSLR camera menu can be a little intimidating for a beginner.  You certainly don't want to mess something up and not know how to change it back.

4. SET WB TO "CUSTOM"------> Don't forget even though you have told your camera to measure a custom white balance, you need to SET your camera's white balance to "Custom/Preset"

SOME THINGS TO REMEMBER:

-Remember that light temperature changes as the day goes by and the sun starts to set.  Different artificial/indoor lighting sources will also have different color temperatures. 

-Fill your frame with the target you are using. 

1.  Why should you avoid using autofocus when doing videography?

• You should try to avoid using autofocus because it could focus on something else in the frame or be unable to stay focus in complex subjects. 

2.  When is using the autofocus acceptable?

• Autofocus is acceptable when you have good lighting or when you dont have a lot of movement.

3.  What are the 4 steps to properly set your focus manually when shooting a static subject (such as an interview)?

~Compose your shot and also make sure the camera is set to MF mode

 ~Zoom in as far as you can on subjects eye

~Adjust the focus control until the eyes are sharply in focus. 

~Move quickly back and forth in smaller sweeps can help you better identify the sweet spot for accurately.

4.  What does the term "rack focus" mean?

• the practice of changing the focus of the lens during a shot.

1.  What is meant by White Balancing a camera?

• --> While the human eye adjusts easily to vibrations in light, electronic image sensors must be calibrated to the color temperature of the light source they are exposed to in order to accurately capture the color of objects within the field of view. The white balance of a camera can be set manually by shooting a white object such as a blank sheet of paper while depressing the manual white balance button

2. What is considered the "golden hour"?

• -->  The golden hour is a period shortly after sunrise or before sunset during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky. This is the opposite of magic hour in cinematography, which is the period just before sunrise or just after sunset when light is diffuse and even.

3.  What is the color temperature of daylight, and what is its general hue?

• --> The three primary types of color temperature for light bulbs are: Soft White (2700K – 3000K), Bright White/Cool White (3500K – 4100K), and Daylight (5000K – 6500K). The higher the Degrees Kelvin, the whiter the color temperature.

4.  What is the color temperature of an interior fluorescent light, and what is its general hue?

• --> Fluorescent light has a color temperature between 3,400 degrees Kelvin and 4,800 degrees Kelvin, depending on the type of bulbs in the fixtures. If you white balance your camera under indoor 3,200 degrees Kelvin light, the picture will suddenly have a green cast and look quite ghastly. Bluish cast.

5.  Embed an image of incorrect white balance. 

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